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What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the concept that natural processes can cause organisms to evolve over time. This includes the appearance and growth of new species.

This has been proven by numerous examples such as the stickleback fish species that can thrive in salt or fresh water, and walking stick insect varieties that prefer particular host plants. These mostly reversible trait permutations can't, however, 에볼루션 바카라 사이트 be the reason for fundamental changes in body plans.

Evolution by Natural Selection

The evolution of the myriad living organisms on Earth is an enigma that has fascinated scientists for centuries. The most well-known explanation is that of Charles Darwin's natural selection, which is triggered when more well-adapted individuals live longer and reproduce more successfully than those less well-adapted. As time passes, the number of individuals who are well-adapted grows and eventually forms an entirely new species.

Natural selection is an ongoing process and involves the interaction of 3 factors: variation, reproduction and inheritance. Variation is caused by mutations and sexual reproduction both of which enhance the genetic diversity of the species. Inheritance is the passing of a person's genetic traits to the offspring of that person which includes both recessive and dominant alleles. Reproduction is the process of creating fertile, viable offspring. This can be done by both asexual or sexual methods.

Natural selection can only occur when all the factors are in balance. For example the case where the dominant allele of a gene can cause an organism to live and reproduce more frequently than the recessive allele, the dominant allele will become more prevalent in the population. However, if the allele confers an unfavorable survival advantage or reduces fertility, it will disappear from the population. The process is self-reinforcing, meaning that a species with a beneficial characteristic will survive and 에볼루션 바카라 체험 reproduce more than an individual with an inadaptive characteristic. The greater an organism's fitness, measured by its ability reproduce and survive, 에볼루션 사이트 is the more offspring it will produce. People with good traits, like the long neck of giraffes, or bright white color patterns on male peacocks are more likely to others to reproduce and survive which eventually leads to them becoming the majority.

Natural selection is only a factor in populations and not on individuals. This is a significant distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution, which argues that animals acquire traits through use or neglect. If a giraffe expands its neck in order to catch prey and the neck grows larger, then its offspring will inherit this trait. The difference in neck length between generations will continue until the giraffe's neck gets so long that it can not breed with other giraffes.

Evolution through Genetic Drift

In the process of genetic drift, alleles within a gene can attain different frequencies in a group due to random events. Eventually, one of them will attain fixation (become so common that it is unable to be eliminated by natural selection) and the other alleles drop to lower frequencies. In the extreme it can lead to a single allele dominance. The other alleles are eliminated, and heterozygosity is reduced to zero. In a small group this could lead to the complete elimination the recessive gene. This scenario is called the bottleneck effect and is typical of the evolutionary process that occurs whenever a large number individuals migrate to form a population.

A phenotypic bottleneck can also occur when survivors of a catastrophe, 에볼루션 바카라 체험 such as an epidemic or a mass hunt, are confined within a narrow area. The survivors will carry an allele that is dominant and will have the same phenotype. This situation could be caused by earthquakes, war, or even plagues. Regardless of the cause, the genetically distinct population that is left might be prone to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens, Lewens, and Ariew use a "purely outcome-oriented" definition of drift as any deviation from the expected values of different fitness levels. They provide a well-known example of twins that are genetically identical, share identical phenotypes but one is struck by lightening and dies while the other lives and reproduces.

This kind of drift can be crucial in the evolution of the species. However, it is not the only method to progress. The primary alternative is a process called natural selection, where phenotypic variation in the population is maintained through mutation and migration.

Stephens asserts that there is a major difference between treating drift as a force or a cause and considering other causes of evolution such as selection, mutation, and migration as forces or causes. Stephens claims that a causal process explanation of drift allows us to distinguish it from the other forces, and that this distinction is vital. He further argues that drift has direction, i.e., it tends towards eliminating heterozygosity. It also has a size, which is determined by the size of the population.

Evolution through Lamarckism

In high school, students study biology, they are often introduced to the work of Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744 - 1829). His theory of evolution is commonly referred to as "Lamarckism" and 에볼루션 코리아 it states that simple organisms grow into more complex organisms through the inheritance of traits that result from the organism's natural actions usage, use and disuse. Lamarckism is typically illustrated by the image of a giraffe extending its neck longer to reach leaves higher up in the trees. This could result in giraffes passing on their longer necks to offspring, who then become taller.

Lamarck, a French zoologist, presented an idea that was revolutionary in his 17 May 1802 opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged the previous thinking on organic transformation. According to Lamarck, living things evolved from inanimate matter by a series of gradual steps. Lamarck was not the first to suggest that this might be the case, but he is widely seen as being the one who gave the subject its first general and thorough treatment.

The most popular story is that Charles Darwin's theory on natural selection and Lamarckism were rivals during the 19th century. Darwinism eventually prevailed, leading to the development of what biologists now refer to as the Modern Synthesis. The Modern Synthesis theory denies that traits acquired through evolution can be acquired through inheritance and instead argues that organisms evolve through the action of environmental factors, such as natural selection.

While Lamarck endorsed the idea of inheritance by acquired characters and his contemporaries paid lip-service to this notion however, it was not a major feature in any of their evolutionary theorizing. This is largely due to the fact that it was never validated scientifically.

It's been over 200 year since Lamarck's birth, and in the age genomics there is a growing body of evidence that supports the heritability of acquired traits. This is sometimes called "neo-Lamarckism" or more commonly, epigenetic inheritance. This is a version that is as reliable as the popular neodarwinian model.

Evolution by the process of adaptation

One of the most widespread misconceptions about evolution is that it is a result of a kind of struggle to survive. In reality, this notion is a misrepresentation of natural selection and ignores the other forces that are driving evolution. The struggle for existence is more accurately described as a struggle to survive in a certain environment. This may be a challenge for not just other living things as well as the physical environment itself.

Understanding the concept of adaptation is crucial to understand evolution. The term "adaptation" refers to any specific feature that allows an organism to survive and reproduce within its environment. It can be a physiological structure, such as fur or feathers or a behavioral characteristic like moving to the shade during the heat or leaving at night to avoid the cold.

An organism's survival depends on its ability to extract energy from the surrounding environment and interact with other organisms and their physical environments. The organism must have the right genes to produce offspring, and it must be able to access sufficient food and other resources. Moreover, the organism must be capable of reproducing at a high rate within its environmental niche.

These elements, in conjunction with gene flow and mutation can result in changes in the ratio of alleles (different varieties of a particular gene) in a population's gene pool. The change in frequency of alleles can result in the emergence of new traits, and eventually, new species as time passes.

Many of the characteristics we admire in animals and plants are adaptations, like lungs or gills to extract oxygen from the air, fur or feathers to provide insulation, long legs for running away from predators, and camouflage to hide. To understand the concept of adaptation, it is important to discern between physiological and behavioral traits.

Physiological adaptations, like thick fur or gills, are physical traits, while behavioral adaptations, such as the tendency to seek out companions or to retreat to shade in hot weather, aren't. In addition it is important to note that a lack of thought is not a reason to make something an adaptation. Failure to consider the consequences of a decision even if it seems to be rational, 에볼루션 무료체험 may make it unadaptive.